In the simplest of terms immunity can be described as the body’s ability to fight infection or any foreign body. Immunity is acquired at birth and after being exposed to certain pathogens or micro-organisms. The human body’s immune system plays a major role in adapting itself in fighting against a disease.
What is immunization ?
Immunization is a process by which an individual’s immune system is prepared to fight or combat infection against a foreign body or a pathogen.
What are the types of immunization ?
Broadly classifying, Immunization is of two types.
- Active immunization: This is type where a body once exposed to a pathogen, forms antibodies to fight the infection when it happens for the second time. Artificial Active Immunization is a process where a laboratory treated microbe is used to fortify the human body before the infection occurs. Example of Artificial Active Immunization is vaccination. Examples are live attenuated vaccines of measles, mumps, rubella, influenza, and other viruses.
- Passive immunization: Passive immunity is attained by a fetus from the mother. Artificial Passive Immunization is attained by injection of prepared substances (antibodies) into the body so that the body does not have to produce these on its own. This is faster and effective way of immunization but the effect lasts for a shorter period of time. Examples immunization used for tetanus and anaphylactic shock.
When is immunization done ?
Immunization is usually done at birth, during teenage and as in when required in case of infections. The immunization schedule of certain infectious diseases is laid out by the World Health Organization (WHO) which needs to be followed strictly with the birth of every child. It’s is advised that one should ask your family physician/pediatrician about vaccination and its schedule which needs to be followed.
Why awareness about immunization is the need of the hour ?
Immunization awareness should be one of the major concerns today, as despite the efforts there are certain infectious diseases which are still prevalent causing morbidity and mortality across the world. Essential information about immunization and its importance should be made available at every healthcare center and mandatory counselling of expecting parents should be done to prevent infectious diseases and reduce their global burden.
Disclaimer: The content provided here is meant for general informational purposes only and hence SHOULD NOT be relied upon as a substitute for sound professional medical advice, care or evaluation by a qualified doctor/physician or other relevantly qualified healthcare provider.
