Down syndrome is a genetic condition or a genetically acquired condition due to problem with the human chromosomes (the autosomes) which lead to a set of physical and mental manifestations in an individual. These gene changes happen prior to birth due to genetic changes in the number of chromosomes. A normal human being has 23 chromosomes in pair in total, which are 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. In Down Syndrome, there is an additional genetic copy of the chromosome 21 and hence it is also called as Trisomy 21. An extra chromosome alters the way a human brain and the body develops leading to mental and physical changes.
The exact cause of the why Down syndrome occurs is still debatable but there are certain risk factors which can increase the chances of having a baby with Down syndrome. These risk factors are as follows.
- Older age of the expecting mother, the risk is higher if women is pregnant during the 4th decade of her life
- Family history of Down Syndrome
- Siblings who are affected with Down Syndrome
What are the symptoms of Down Syndrome ?
Children or individuals affected with Down Syndrome are usually have a peculiar facial appearance, flat face, small nose and ears, slant eyes, abnormal teeth, larger tongue, short stature, low muscle tone and weak joints, below average mental intelligence, and increased risk of hernias. Some are also at an increased risk of heart diseases, airway problems and more prone to infections and partial or complete loss of hearing.
There’s no need to worry as most of the above-mentioned symptoms can be treated and one must be more vigilant during planning a baby to get the required screening done if one’s fetus could be affected with some genetic abnormality. If a screening is not done prior to birth it should be done immediately after the birth of the baby where the baby’s blood is tested for any genetic abnormalities. The earlier the condition is detected it is easy to treat it better.
Individuals with Down syndrome can lead a happy and healthy life is appropriate counselling is done either prior to pregnancy or after childbirth. As mentioned earlier a lot of problems associated with Down syndrome are treatable and the individuals affected can lead a healthy if the people around are aware and compassionate.
Disclaimer: The content provided here is meant for general informational purposes only and hence SHOULD NOT be relied upon as a substitute for sound professional medical advice, care or evaluation by a qualified doctor/physician or other relevantly qualified healthcare provider.
