Carotid angiogram is a diagnostic procedure which is utilized to understand the normal anatomy and any abnormalities in the carotid arteries. Like an angiography procedure which is used to image the blood vessels of the heart, carotid angiogram utilizes X-rays and a contrast media which is used to image the blood vessels for any defects or blockades. Carotid angiogram is used as the main diagnostic procedure to study and diagnose the blood vessels of the brain.
Where is the carotid artery located ?
Carotid artery is a branch of the aorta which usually supplies the face and the brain. It’s branch external carotid artery supplies the face and the neck region and the internal carotid artery supplies the brain.
When is a carotid angiogram advised ?
Carotid angiogram is advised when your doctor suspects that you might have a blockade due to plaque accumulation or a tumor, which might cause complications like stroke in the future. It is also used to perform stenting procedure of the carotid vessels. A carotid angiogram may also be advised if you are experiencing the below mentioned symptoms.
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Slurred speech
- Double vision
- Blurred vision
- Generalized weakness
- Coordination and balance issues
- Memory loss
If these symptoms persist and are not relieved on medication, your doctor might advise for a carotid angiogram to arrive at a diagnosis to treat the symptoms.
When is a carotid angiogram not advised ?
Carotid angiography utilizes ionizing radiation/X-rays to image the blood vessels, hence the procedure is not advised in women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, individuals who are at a higher risk of developing radiation induced cancer. The procedure is also not advised in individuals who are allergic to contrast media or have kidney and liver diseases as complications might occur.
What are the types of carotid angiograms ?
Carotid angiography can be performed using an MRI or a CT scan technology, the former referred to as Magnetic Resonance Angiogram (MRA) and the latter referred to as Computed Tomography Angiogram (CTA).
How do you prepare for a carotid angiogram ?
Carotid angiogram is performed either as a inpatient procedure or an outpatient procedure. You will be asked to abstain from eating any solid food at least 8-12 hours before the procedure. you will be asked to drink lots of liquids and your medication chart will be reviewed in advance to stop some medicines before the procedure. The test might take long so you will be asked to empty your bladder before the test. You will be asked to remove your jewelry and change into a hospital gown before the procedure. You will also be explained the risks and benefits of the procedure well in advance. It is advised that you explain in detail, your medical history to your treating doctor or radiologist before going ahead with a carotid angiogram.
What happens during a carotid angiogram ?
You will be made to lie down on an examination table in a radiology lab. An intravenous line will be put up on your arm to give you any fluid or medication during the procedure. The procedure uses a catheter or a tube-like structure which is inserted via the groin region (femoral artery). The groin area might be number with an anesthetic as a small incision is given to insert the catheter. Electrodes will be attached to your chest to monitor the activity of the heart during the procedure. A guide wire is then inserted via the catheter and is driven up to the level of carotid artery, it’s bifurcation or the branch which needs to be studied. A contrast media containing iodine might be used to help in the imaging of the blood vessel. As the guide wire is inserted the scanning machine (CT or MRI scanner) or a fluoroscopy machine image the guidewire along its path, to identify any blockages, aneurysms, tumors or abnormality in the carotid artery. Sometimes angioplasty and stenting is performed along with the angiogram, in case of any blockage or obstructions. Once the imaging is completed the guide wire is removed along with the catheter and you will be shifted to a recovery area for monitoring. The doctor might advise you to stay in the hospital for the night or you may be asked to go back home. You might resume your normal activities between 3-7 days or as suggested by your doctor.
Who interprets a carotid angiogram ?
Carotid angiogram is interpreted and reported by a trained radiologist or a neurosurgeon.
What are the risks and complications of a carotid angiogram ?
You might have bleeding from the incision site after the procedure, but that will be controlled in the recovery unit. If bleeding persists it is important to inform your treating doctor immediately. The complications include bleeding, infection or clotting during or after the procedure. Rare complications include damage to the vessels, other symptoms like headache and dizziness after the procedure. the risks should be discussed with your treating doctor on a priority basis to avoid any major complications.
Disclaimer: The content provided here is meant for general informational purposes only and hence SHOULD NOT be relied upon as a substitute for sound professional medical advice, care or evaluation by a qualified doctor/physician or other relevantly qualified healthcare provider.
