Dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan or also common known as Bone densitometry is a diagnostic procedure which is used to assess the amount of bone and bone loss present in an individual. This test is commonly indicated to be used in individuals who have bone and joint problems or who are clinically diagnosed with osteoporosis. This is faster and non-invasive method to check the density of bone.
What is the principle of dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan ?
Dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan utilizes minimal dosage of ionizing/ X-ray radiation to study the density of bone. This test is mainly performed to check the density of bone of the hips, spine and the extremities. An X-ay scan and a scoring system is used to assess the density of bone at the end of the test.
When is a dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan advised ?
Dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan is advised in patients who have had previous history of fractures or who have symptoms of bone pain and weakness. Below mentioned are the few indications of a Dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan.
- History of fractures
- Post-menopausal women
- History of smoking
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hyperparathyroidism
- You are on medication which could cause bone loss like barbiturates, Dilantin and high dosage thyroid drugs
- Excess collagen in urine
- History of kidney disease
- History of liver disease
- Uncontrolled diabetes and juvenile diabetes
- Reduction in one’s height suddenly
- Long term hormone replacement therapy
- Corticosteroid therapy
A lot of medical conditions and medications can be responsible for bone loss in individuals. Especially in women who are not on estrogen therapy after menopause. It is important that you should get a Dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan done after your menopause or during your middle age to prevent any bone loss diseases in the future. It is advised that you ask your family physician or treating doctor about the benefits of Dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan.
What are the types of dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan ?
Depending on the type of equipment used Dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan can be of two types.
- Central dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan device: A device which is used to measure the bone loss in the bigger bones like the hip and the spine. You will be made to lie down on your back with your knees supported on a cushion to straighten your back. This device is usually present in a healthcare setting or a hospital.
- Peripheral dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan: A device which is used to check the density of the bone of the peripheral extremities likes hands, legs, and fingers. These devices are available in medical stores or mobile health clinics.
When is dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan not advised ?
Dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan is not advised in women who are pregnant and individuals who carry slightest risk of developing cancer due to radiation exposure. If you have any body piercings or tattoos also you should consult with your physician before getting the scan.
How do you prepare for a dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan ?
Not much of a preparation is required before a Dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan. You will be clinically examination along with a detailed medical history before sending you for the scan. It is important to get your medication reviewed by your physician and also inform the doctor if you’ve had any barium swallow or contrast CT or MRI scans in the near past as they may interfere with the readings of the test.
What happens during dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan ?
You will be asked to change into hospital gown and if a central device is used you will be made to lie down on an examination table on your back with your legs comfortably raised on a cushion to straighten your spine. Sometimes a vertebral assessment is also performed with Dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan to assess if there are any vertebral fractures. The procedure takes about 15-30 minutes and you will be allowed to go home after the test.
How are the results of dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan interpreted ?
The results of Dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan are scored by a radiologist or a specialist who is trained to perform such scans. The results are interpreted in a T score and a Z score. A T-score tells you how much is your bone density when compared to that of a 30-year-old. A score of -1.0 indicates normal bone density and a score of -2.5 or less indicates osteoporosis. A, Z-score compares your bone density with that of an individual of your age.
What are the risks of dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan ?
Dual energy absorptiometry scan/ DEXA scan is a rather safe and non-invasive procedure but the procedure should not be advised in pregnant women and individuals who are at a risk of developing cancer due to radiation exposure. Also, this test may give false results or interpretations and hence should be combined with other confirmatory tests to detect bone loss or osteoporosis.
Disclaimer: The content provided here is meant for general informational purposes only and hence SHOULD NOT be relied upon as a substitute for sound professional medical advice, care or evaluation by a qualified doctor/physician or other relevantly qualified healthcare provider.
