The endometrium is a layer seen in women’s uterus. The uterus is an organ of the female reproductive system, which normally carries the foetus in the pregnant woman till childbirth.
There are two parts of the uterus, the upper part called the body and the lower part extending into vagina called the cervix.
Again, the body of the uterus has two layers. The uterus’s inner layer is the endometrium and outer layer of muscle or myometrium. It is this inner layer or endometrial layer which sheds off during every monthly cycle or menstrual period.
So, what is an endometrial biopsy ?
Endometrial biopsy is the surgical removal of a small representative piece of tissue from the endometrial or inner lining of the uterus. It is basically performed to see and diagnose any abnormalities in the lining of the uterus.
When is an endometrial biopsy indicated ?
- Abnormal Pap smear result
- Bleeding even after menopause
- Abnormal Bleeding patterns (very heavy or irregular monthly periods or spotting)
- Excessive or unusual vaginal discharge
- Assessment of the uterus in infertile couples
What is the role of endometrial biopsy in diagnosis ?
It allows for the confirmation of findings noted at the Colposcopy examination, using a small tissue bit from the endometrium of the uterus. The tissue bit is processed in the laboratory and then examined under a microscope, to give final diagnosis. This aids the doctor to choose the most suitable treatment for you.
What are the risks of endometrial biopsy ?
There are no major risks associated with the endometrial biopsy procedure. There may be some discomfort associated with the procedure. There may also be some menstrual period like cramping or discharge after the procedure.
Are there any alternatives to endometrial biopsy procedure ?
If no endometrial biopsy is taken, then your management completely relies on the Colposcopic findings which are not always that accurate to make a final confirmatory diagnosis. So the end result may be either under or over treatment.
How is an endometrial biopsy performed ?
You will be placed lying down in a similar position as that for a cervical Pap smear and/or Colposcopy. This will ease out the procedure for you. Local anaesthesia may be administered to the cervix, to make the procedure less painful. The doctor removes a small tissue bit from the inner lining of the uterus, with a biopsy forceps. The area is then sealed off by applying a chemical. The Colposcopy takes around 15 to 20 minutes, while the actual taking of the biopsy takes only about two to three minutes. You should come prepared with sanitary pads.
Is endometrial biopsy painful ?
It is an uncomfortable procedure. During the biopsy, you will feel a pinching sensation that you will be able to tolerate mostly with the help of a local anesthetic.
What is the follow-up after an endometrial biopsy ?
Some vaginal bleeding and heavy discharge is to be expected post procedure. This may go on for around two weeks on and off. Sexual Intercourse is to be avoided for about a week or till the bleeding and discharge has settled. Tampons are not to be used in this time. It is best to avoid strenuous exercise for two weeks. You should avoid pregnancy as well until your first follow-up is completed and you get a normal smear result. It is advised to use a sheath (condom) until the treatment is completed.
Disclaimer: The content provided here is meant for general informational purposes only and hence SHOULD NOT be relied upon as a substitute for sound professional medical advice, care or evaluation by a qualified doctor/physician or other relevantly qualified healthcare provider.
